By working through the package, the user should be able to design an experiment to find out the pharmacological properties of an unknown drug on the guinea pig ileum ie to find out whether the drug is an agonist fullpartial or an antagonist, and its possible sites of action including receptors. Simulations of pharmacological experiments college of pharmacy. These contractions can be reduced by the application of adenosine and related compounds. Functional role of m2 muscarinic receptors in the guinea.
Simulations of pharmacological experiments on the guinea pig. The hallucinogenic herb salvia divinorum and its active. These programs use data previously obtained from actual in vivo experiments to. To determine unknown concentration of histamine by using guinea pig ileum guinea pig ileum is most sensitive to histamine.
A computer simulation program to teach the effects of drugs and electrical stimulation on the enteric nervous system. Functional role of m2 muscarinic receptors in the guinea pig. M, and then superfused with tyrode solution containing hemicholinium3 10. Bioassay of histamine the usually accepted mothods for. Effect of the test substances on isolated guinea pig ileum in tyrode solution guinea pigs were sacrificed by co. On an ending note, ileum provides you with a straightforward means of mimicking the biological variability in relation to various drugs and the response they trigger on in. In the second part of the practical you will observe how morphine affects the motility of an artificial faecal pellet in an ex vivo preparation of the intact guinea pig colon.
Submucosal prepara tions were dissected from the guinea pig ileum as previously described in detail. Prepare a piece of guinea pig ileum for transmural stimulation. Pharmacology experimental benefits from the use of. In this series of exercises, you will use the ileum computer simulation program to obtain additional data and determine the sites of action of an unknown agonist or antagonist.
Ileum, guinea pig, muscarinic receptor knockout mice. It is possible to mimic experiments to identify an unknown compound. Its main function is to absorb vitamin b 12, bile salts, and whatever products of digestion that were not. On an ending note, ileum provides you with a straightforward means of mimicking the biological variability in relation to various drugs and the response they trigger on invitro guinea pig ileum species. Ribeirao preto, so paulo, brazil received 18 december 1975 abstractclarks equation used in its inverted form double reciprocal plots was.
Ileum accurately simulates laboratory experiments which investigate the effects of drugs on the in vitro guinea pig ileum. Can anyone recommend any good textbooks that outline this procedure. Guinea pigs have a cecal fermenters digestive system. Mechanosensitive enteric neurons in the myenteric plexus.
Jun 15, 2014 contractions of isolated guinea pig ileum. Experimental animals like rat, guinea pig, rabbit, etc. A twocompartment oral and anal compartments bath was used. The role of histamine h1, h2 and h3receptors was studied on neural transmission in ascending excitatory pathways of the guinea pig ileum. Histaminergic effect of crude papaya latex on isolated. We initially investigated mec response directly applied in guineapig ileum. Histamine h1 and ha vasodilator mechanisms in the guinea. Download ileum carry out virtual experiments on guinea pig ileum with the help of this educational tool that allows you to test out the effects of various drugs. The software simulates an experimental setup on an isolated piece about 2 cm of guinea pig ileum removed from a freshly killed guinea pig and suspended in warmed and aerated physiological solution called tyrodes solution.
Simulates an isolated preparation of the guinea pig ileum, a. Analysis of the effects of a range of drug molecules on evoked contractions of the guinea pig ileum. Background within the gut the autonomous enteric nervous system ens is able to sense mechanical stimuli and to trigger gut reflex behaviour. These efsinduced contractions were abolished by tetrodotoxin 3 107 mol l1 or atropine 106 mol l 1, thus indicating that these contractions were because of release of acetylcholine from enteric nerves. We previously proposed a novel sensory circuit in the ens which consists of multifunctional rapidly adapting mechanosensitive enteric neurons ramen in the guinea pig. Analysis of the effects of a range of drug molecules on. The software is aimed at helping the ugs understand, remember and recall drug actions. The isolated ileum simulation the isolated ileum represents a valuable tool for evaluating the actions of pharmacological agents that affect the autonomic nervous system. The effect of naloxone on fresh and overnight preparations of the guineapig ileum. The isolated ileum simulation university of maryland. The concentration response curve of acetylcholine in chicken ileum. Practical report 1 drug interaction pha3801 monash. Surprisingly, the most abundant muscarinic receptor in the ileum is the m 2 which causes a specific inhibition of cyclic amp accumulation elicited by the. A computer simulation program to teach the effects of drugs and electrical stimulation.
Innovative software solutions and expert services for. In all cases, cocaine, nicotine and epinephrine, slow the contraction rate of the ileum. Ileum accurately simulates laboratory experiments which investigate the effects of drugs on the in vitro guineapig ileum. Clonidine and dexmedetomidine potently inhibit peristalsis.
The guinea pig ileum is innervated by the enteric, sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Responses of a section of guineapig ileum to single ec 50 concentrations of histamine and acetylcholine. Oxom contracted the ileum with an ec50 value of 35 nm and a hill coefficient of 1. Jan 29, 2009 the effect of naloxone on fresh and overnight preparations of the guinea. Responses of a section of guinea pig ileum to single ec 50 concentrations of histamine and acetylcholine. Metronidazole and 5aminosalicylic acid enhance the. Figure 1 provides a summary of the software which is either currently available or will become available from pccal in the 19941995 session background preliminary studies indicate that the introduction of multi. Rabbit effects drugs on the rabbit eye heart effects of drugs on the frog heart ileum bioassay of histamine on the guinea pig ileum oesophagus effects of drugs on the frog oesophagus.
Guinea pig digestive system by gabrielle samuels on prezi. Printed in great britain h1 and h2receptors for histamine in the ileum of the guinea pig ivone bareicha and m. Educational simulation models in the biomedical sciences ilar. Simulation of experiments on the isolated guinea pig ileum. Cal pharmacology software for undergraduate medical. The program lets you be in full control of the test results, which you can analyze by looking at a graph you may export, so it could prove a. Free ileum software, best ileum download page 1 at. Cal pharmacology software for undergraduate medical students.
Pharmacological examination of contractile responses of the guinea. Guinea pigs teeth are constantly growing, so they need to eat things that will constantly graze and grind. Pharmacological examination of contractile responses of the. Histamine and some related compounds acting selectively on h2or h1receptors were tested for their ability to contract the guinea pig ileum, in the usual whole ileum preparation and in the longitudinal muscle preparation. The effect of naloxone on fresh and overnight preparations of the guinea pig ileum. Clonidine and dexmedetomidine potently inhibit peristalsis in. Isolated guineapig ileum simulator ileum screenshot. H1 and h2receptors for histamine in the ileum of the guinea pig. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms posterior intestine or distal intestine may be used instead of ileum.
The longitudinal smooth muscle of the guinea pig ileum small intestine contracts in response to acetylcholine. Pharmacological examination of contractile responses of. Responses to acetylcholine and histamine were recorded alone, then in the presence of drug a and drug b. The guinea pig ileum simulation programme simulates the effects of drugs and electrical.
Reflex contractions of the longitudinal muscle coat of the isolated guineapig ileum 1959 the journal of physiology. Histaminergic effect of crude papaya latex on isolated guinea. Pieces 4 to 6 cm long were cut from the guineapig ileum about 5 cm above the ileocaecal valve. A well accepted problem of performing organbath tissue based pharmacology teaching in the. The concentrations elicited by histamine in both kinds of preparations were not potentiated by cimetidine or metiamide and were not inhibited by administration of h2. Muscarinic agonists elicit contraction in the standard guinea pig ileum bioassay through activation of m 3 muscarinic receptors that are also linked to phosphoinositide hydrolysis. The normal responses of strips of ileum from the guinea pig to histamine, acetylcholine, electrical stimulation, and to added antigen horse serum were determined. All articles from sheffield bioscience programs, dr. Rocha e silva department of pharmacology, faculty of medicine, u. Simulates an isolated preparation of the guinea pig ileum. In the guinea pig their action is more marked when histamin is used than when acetylcholine is used. Ileus in rabbits and guinea pigs vet forum grunkemeyer notes. Guinea pig ileum a computer simulation program to teach the effects of drugs and electrical stimulation on the enteric nervous system, using an isolated preparation of the guinea pig ileum.
However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. Development of an ex vivo model for pharmacological. The effects of atropine on 3hacetylcholine secretion from. This program simulates an isolated preparation of the guinea pig ileum. The user is introduced to doseresponse curves through simulated experiments of the action of drugs on isolated guinea pig ileum. Wash out the contents inside the intestine with tyrodes solution aerated with 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide. Novel pharmacological profile of muscarinic receptors mediating. Code 1952 has reported that the most con venient tissue for the bioassay of histamine is guinea pigs terminal portion ofthe ileum. You can manage this and all other alerts in my account. It has the spontaneous activity and specificity is improved by using atropine for histamine assay. The aim of this study was to validate this concept by studying its applicability to. Simulations of pharmacological experiments on the guinea pig ileum.
Guinea pig ileum simulation an online training package from. The guineapig ileum is innervated by the enteric, sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The guinea pig ileum lacks the direct, highpotency, m2muscarinic. The myenteric plexuslongitudinal muscle preparation of the guineapig ileum was incubated with 3 hcholine 112515. The concentration response curve of acetylcholine in chicken ileum shifted toward. The longitudinal smooth muscle of the guineapig ileum small intestine contracts in response to acetylcholine. A perfusion of the tissue was then initiated with a lockes solution lacking one of three ions. Afdx 116 blocked contractions of guinea pig ileum elicited by the nonselective agonist oxom. Simulations of parmacological experiments on guinea pif ileum pccal. This software is an intellectual property of biosoft. Once payment has been received the software is supplied as a download. I need to prepare for and then write up an experiment about guinea pig ileum contractions using an organ bath.
Screen display from the guinea pig ileum program 1. Dissection of the guinea pig ileum was carried out by lab assistant, the procedures were stated on pharmacology lab manual pha 3801 unit manual pg 42. The effect of morphine and naloxone on the guineapig isolated ileum. Bioassay using guinea pig ileumbioassay using guinea pig ileum bioassay of histamine on isolated guinea pig ileum can be determined by matching bioassay interpolation bioassay bracketing assay multiple point assays 14.
The latest installer that can be downloaded is 679 kb in size. Histamine h1 and ha vasodilator mechanisms in the guinea pig. This means they have a large cecum allowing them to consume moderate levels of roughage. Simulations of pharmacological experiments on the guinea pig ileum covers basic receptor theory, including occupancy and how response size is related to occupancy. The role of histamine h1, h2 and h3 receptors on enteric. The experiment involves a 2cm piece of ileum in tyrodes solution. A small portion of guinea pig ileum was isolated on a wire tissue holder and mounted in an organ bath with the free end and attached to a force transducer. Guinea pigs 150200 g were killed by cervical dislo cation and bled by carotid transection.
Reflex contractions of the longitudinal muscle coat of the isolated guinea pig ileum. The slope of the curves obtained for acetylcholine on the ileum of the rabbit, rat and mouse, is the same as that obtained on the ileum of the guinea pig. This program simulates an isolated preparation of the guinea pig ileum, a smooth muscle preparation exhibiting little spontaneous contractile activity, which is extensively used for pharmacological studies. The progressive effect of this increasing lack upon the responses to the initially tried four. Clonidine and dexmedetomidine potently inhibit peristalsis in the guinea pig ileum in vitro you will receive an email whenever this article is corrected, updated, or cited in the literature. Random elements are incorporated in ileum to simulate the inherent biological variability in the response to the same dose of agonist.
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